Understanding Community Dynamics: Motivation and Engagement

Overview: Understanding Community Dynamics

In this segment of the training program, participants will examine the motivation theories and how motivation can lead to engagement and participation in the community work.

Key Components:

Main Pioneers in Motivation Theories: An overview of how the concept of motivation developed from the early times to now and how it is defined by the pioneers in the field

Intersectionality: How motivation connects with Prenatal Sciences, Human Rights and Community Work

Conclusion: By deepening their understanding of community dynamics, participants in this module will be better equipped to engage with diverse communities and address engagement and commitment challenges. Hopefully, participants will be empowered to develop targeted interventions, foster meaningful community partnerships, and promote positive health outcomes for all community members.

On Motivation en Part 1

On Motivation en Part 2

Κίνητρα

Κατάσταση Ροής

Motivation comes from the Latin word “movere”= move
> Motivation is what moves us to act

On Motivation (slides)

A History of Human Motivation Theories Richard M. Ryan, Emma Bradshaw, & Edward L. Deci

Types of motivation
External Motivation: I do it because somebody makes me do it
Introjected Motivation: I do it because if I don’t, I won’t  feel good.
Identified Motivation: I do it because it is a good thing to do.
Intrinsic Motivation: I do it because I like it.

Flow State (slides)

Maslow’s Hierarchy Map

Maslow pyramid adapted from “Renovating the Pyramid of Needs: Contemporary Extensions Built upon Ancient Foundations” by D. T. Kenrick et al., 2010, Perspectives on Psychological Science, 5, 292–314 (see p. 293)

The Optimal functioning hypothesis Curve diagram shows the point where we perform best.

The Two-dimensional emotion representation in Thayer’s model

Further References

• Kenrick et al. (2010)” by S. Kesebir et al., 2010, Perspectives on Psychological Science, 5, 315–319 (see p. 316), and from “Human Motives, Happiness, and the Puzzle of Parenthood: Commentary on Kenrick et al. (2010)” by S. Lyubormirsky & J. K. Boehm, 2010, Perspectives on Psychological Science, 5.
• Adams, J. S. (1965). Inequity in social exchange. Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 2, pp. 267-299). New York, NY: Academic Press.
• Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action. In D. Marks (Ed.), The health psychology reader (pp. 23-28). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Sage.
• Baumeister, R. F., & Tierney, J. (2011). Willpower: Rediscovering the greatest human strength. New York, NY: Penguin. https://www.amazon.com/dp/0143122231/
• Brehm, J. (1966). A theory of psychological reactance. New York, NY: Academic Press.
• Carver, C. S., Scheier, M. F., & Weintraub, J. K. (1989). Assessing coping strategies: A theoretically based approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56(2), 267-283. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.56.2.267
• Csíkszentmihályi, M. (1975). Beyond boredom and anxiety: The experience of play in work and games. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
• Diener, C. I., & Dweck, C. S. (1978). An analysis of learned helplessness: Continuous changes in performance, strategy, and achievement cognitions following failure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36(5), 451-462. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.36.5.451
• Dweck, C. S. (2006). Mindset: The new psychology of success. New York, NY: Balantine Books. https://www.amazon.com/dp/0345472322/
• Eccles, J. (2009). Who am I and what am I going to do with my life? Personal and collective identities as motivators of action. Educational Psychologist, 44(2), 78-89. https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520902832368
• Eccles, J. S., & Wigfield, A. (2002). Motivational beliefs, values, and goals. Annual Review of Psychology, 53(1), 109-132. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.53.100901.135153
• Eysenck, M. W., & Calvo, M. G. (1992). Anxiety and performance: The processing efficiency theory. Cognition & Emotion, 6(6), 409-434. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699939208409696
• Festinger, L. (1957). A theory of cognitive dissonance. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. https://www.amazon.com/dp/0804709114/
• Gollwitzer, P. M. (1999). Implementation intentions: strong effects of simple plans. American Psychologist, 54(7), 493-503. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.54.7.493
• Gollwitzer, P. M., & Kinney, R. F. (1989). Effects of deliberative and implemental mind-sets on illusion of control. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56(4), 531-542. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.56.4.531
• Gordon, R. M. (1987). The structure of emotions. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. https://www.amazon.com/dp/0521395682/
• Hanin, Y. L. (1989). Interpersonal and intragroup anxiety in sports. In D. Hackfort & C. D. Spielberger (Eds.), Anxiety in sports: An international perspective (pp. 19-28). New York, NY: Hemisphere. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315781594-3/interpersonal-intragroup-anxiety-sports-yuri-hanin
• Harmon-Jones, E., & Mills, J. (Eds.). (1999). Science conference series. Cognitive dissonance: Progress on a pivotal theory in social psychology. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. https://www.amazon.com/dp/1557985650/
• Higgins, E. T. (1997). Beyond pleasure and pain. American Psychologist, 52(12), 1280-1300. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.52.12.1280
• Kenrick, D. T., Griskevicius, V., Neuberg, S. L., & Schaller, M. (2010). Renovating the pyramid of needs: Contemporary extensions built upon ancient foundations. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 5(3), 292-314. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1745691610369469
• Kesebir, S., Graham, J., & Oishi, S. (2010). A theory of human needs should be human-centered, not animal-centered: Commentary on Kenrick et al. (2010). Perspectives on Psychological Science, 5(3), 315-319. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691610369470
• Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. (1990). A theory of goal setting & task performance. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. https://www.amazon.com/dp/0139131388/
• Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. (2002). Building a practically useful theory of goal setting and task motivation: A 35-year odyssey. American Psychologist, 57(9), 705-717. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.57.9.705
• Lyubomirsky, S., & Boehm, J. K. (2010). Human motives, happiness, and the puzzle of parenthood: Commentary on Kenrick et al.(2010). Perspectives on Psychological Science, 5(3), 327-334. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691610369473
• Markus, H. (1977). Self-schemata and processing information about the self. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35(2), 63-78. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.35.2.63
• Mather, M., & Sutherland, M. R. (2011). Arousal-biased competition in perception and memory. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6(2), 114-133. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1745691611400234
• Metcalfe, J., & Jacobs, W. J. (1998). Emotional memory: The effects of stress on “cool” and “hot” memory systems. In D. L. Medin (Ed.), The psychology of learning and motivation: Advances in research and theory (Vol. 38, pp. 187-222). New York, NY: Academic Press. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2002-02061-006
• Miller, W. R., & Seligman, M. E. (1975). Depression and learned helplessness in man. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 84(3), 228-238. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0076720
• Oyserman, D., Bybee, D., & Terry, K. (2006). Possible selves and academic outcomes: How and when possible selves impel action. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91(1), 188-204. https://psycnet.apa.org/buy/2006-08705-013
• Reeve, J. (2014). Understanding motivation and emotion (6th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. https://www.amazon.com/dp/1118517792/
• Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68-78. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68
• Sheldon, K. M., & Elliot, A. J. (1999). Goal striving, need satisfaction, and longitudinal well-being: The self-concordance model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76(3), 482–497. https://psycnet.apa.org/buy/1999-10261-009
• Skinner, E. A. (1996). A guide to constructs of control. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71(3), 549-570. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.71.3.549
• Thayer, R. L. (1989). The experience of sustainable landscapes. Landscape Journal, 8(2), 101-110. https://doi.org/10.3368/lj.8.2.101
• Vroom, V. H. (1964). Work and motivation. New York, NY: Wiley.
• Wiener, B. (1986). Attribution, emotion, and action. In R. M. Sorrentino & E. T. Higgins (Eds.), Handbook of motivation and cognition: Foundations of social behavior (pp. 281–312). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
• Zimmerman, B. J. (2000). Attaining self-regulation: A social cognitive perspective. In M. Boekaerts, P. R. Pintrich, & M. Zeidner (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation (pp. 13-39). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.

“There are only two ways to live your life. One is as though nothing is a miracle. The other is as though everything is a miracle.” Albert Einstein“The opposite of love is not hate, it’s indifference. “The opposite of art is not ugliness, it’s indifference. The opposite of faith is not heresy, it’s indifference. And the opposite of life is not death, it’s indifference.” Elie Wiesel

“There is something infantile in the presumption that somebody else has a responsibility to give your life meaning and point… The truly adult view, by contrast, is that our life is as meaningful, as full and as wonderful as we choose to make it.” Richard Dawkins (The God Delusion)